Solvent-based cleaners rely on the chemicals within the solvent to help dissolve the surface contaminants.
Solvents remove thick, baked on oils, greases, dirt, and more. The ability to tweak and modify the chemicals in solvents lends to being able to create very specific cleaning chemistries for removing specific soils from parts and surfaces.
Some cleaners are even capable of removing a specific ink type on a plastic substrate while leaving the rest untouched.